How much of the increase in U.S. life expectancy since the 20th century can be attributed to public health improvements?

Question 1

1. Epidemiology involves studying infectious communicable disease, not events like injury, obesity, mental health disorders, and seat belt use.

[removed]True

[removed]False

1.6 points  

Question 2

1. The Framingham study was a:

[removed]	a.	Retrospective cohort study.
[removed]	b.	Case-control study.
[removed]	c.	Cross-sectional study.
[removed]	d.	Prospective cohort study.

1.7 points  

Question 3

1. Epidemiology includes the study of: 

[removed]	a.	Human behavior
[removed]	b.	Accidents
[removed]	c.	Disease
[removed]	d.	All of the above
[removed]	e.	None of the above

1.7 points  

Question 4

1. The definition of epidemiology involves all of the following EXCEPT:

[removed]	a.	Identification of determinants
[removed]	b.	Measuring the distribution of disease
[removed]	c.	Individuals
[removed]	d.	Application
[removed]	e.	The definition includes all of the above

1.7 points  

Question 5

1. Who evaluated the Bills of Mortality?

[removed]	a.	William Farr
[removed]	b.	John Graunt
[removed]	c.	Hippocrates
[removed]	d.	George Soper

1.7 points  

Question 6

1. Who helped to establish the germ theory of disease?

[removed]	a.	James Lind
[removed]	b.	John Snow
[removed]	c.	Louis Pasteur
[removed]	d.	Florence Nightingale

1.7 points  

Question 7

1. Who showed that poor diet could result in scurvy?

[removed]	a.	James Lind
[removed]	b.	John Snow
[removed]	c.	Louis Pasteur
[removed]	d.	Florence Nightingale

1.7 points  

Question 8

1. The web of causation includes host and environmental determinants.

[removed]True

[removed]False

1.6 points  

Question 9

1. A cause of disease is an event, condition, or characteristic that preceded the disease and without which the disease would either not have occurred or would have occurred later.

[removed]True

[removed]False

1.6 points  

Question 10

1. Which sequence below represents the chronological evolution of disease causation approaches in epidemiology (from oldest to newest)?

[removed]	a.	Web of causation -> Germ theory -> Body humor imbalance-> Ecosocial framework
[removed]	b.	Germ theory -> Body humor imbalance -> Ecosocial framework -> Web of causation
[removed]	c.	Body humor imbalance -> Germ theory -> Web of causation -> Ecosocial framework
[removed]	d.	Body humor imbalance -> Web of causation -> Ecosocial framework -> Germ theory

1.7 points  

Question 11

1. Which of the following are essential attributes of causes (choose all that apply)?

[removed]	a.	Time order
[removed]	b.	Environmental factors
[removed]	c.	Association
[removed]	d.	Direction

1.7 points  

Question 12

1. How much of the increase in U.S. life expectancy since the 20th century can be attributed to public health improvements?

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